CryptoDL: Predicting Dyslexia Biomarkers from Encrypted Neuroimaging Dataset Using Energy-Efficient Residue Number System and Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Abstract

The increasing availability of medical images generated via different imaging techniques necessitates the need for their remote analysis and diagnosis, especially when such datasets involve brain morphological biomarkers, an important biological symmetry concept. This development has made the privacy and confidentiality of patients’ medical records extremely important. In this study, an approach for a secure dyslexia biomarkers classification is proposed using a deep learning model and the concept of residue number system (RNS). A special moduli set of RNS was used to develop a pixel-bitstream encoder that encrypts the 7-bit binary value of each pixel present in the training and testing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset (neuroimaging dataset) prior to classification using cascaded deep convolutional neural network (CNN). Theoretical analysis of our encoder design shows that the proposed pixel-bitstream encoder is a combinational circuit that requires fewer fast adders, with area complexity of 4n AFA and time delay of (3n + 3) DFA for n ≥ 3. FPGA implementation of the proposed encoder shows 23.5% critical path delay improvement and saves up to 42.4% power. Our proposed cascaded deep CNN also shows promising classification outcomes, with the highest performance accuracy of 73.2% on the encrypted data. Specifically, this study has attempted to explore the potencies of CNN to discriminate cases of dyslexia from control subjects using encrypted dyslexia biomarkers neuroimaging dataset. This kind of research becomes expedient owing to the educational and medical importance of dyslexia.