Effect of Carbon Black and Hybrid Steel-Polypropylene Fiber on the Mechanical and Self-Sensing Characteristics of Concrete Considering Different Coarse Aggregates’ Sizes

Abstract

The effect of combining filler (carbon black) and fibrous materials (steel fiber and polypropylene fiber) with various sizes of coarse particles on the post-cracking behavior of conductive concrete was investigated in this study. Steel fibers (SF) and carbon black (CB) were added as monophasic, diphasic, and triphasic materials in the concrete to enhance the conductive properties of reinforced concrete. Polypropylene fiber (PP) was also added to steel fiber and carbon to improve the post-cracking behavior of concrete beams. This research mainly focused on the effects of macro fibers on toughness parameters and energy absorption capacity, as well as enhancing the self-sensing of multiple cracks and post-cracking behavior. Fractional changes in resistance and crack opening displacement (COD-FCR) and the relationship of load-deflection-FCR with different coarse aggregates of (5–10 mm and 15–20 mm) sizes were investigated, and the law of resistance signal changes with single and multiple cracking through load-time-FCR curves was explored. Results indicated that the smaller size coarse aggregates (5–10 mm) showed higher compressive strength: up to 8.3% and 14.83% with diphasic (SF + CB), respectively. The flexural strength of PC-10 increased 22.60 and 51.2%, respectively, with and without fibers, compared to PC-20. The diphasic and triphasic conductive material with the smaller size of aggregates (5–10 mm) increased the FCR values up to 38.95% and 42.21%, respectively, as compared to those of greater size coarse aggregates (15–20 mm). The hybrid uses of fibrous and filler materials improved post-cracking behavior as well as the self-sensing ability of reinforced concrete.