Affiliation:
1. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-sensitive immune-mediated enteropathy. This proof-of-concept study used a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) CD histological images, normal small intestine control, and non-specified duodenal inflammation (7294, 11,642, and 5966 images, respectively). The trained network classified CD with high performance (accuracy 99.7%, precision 99.6%, recall 99.3%, F1-score 99.5%, and specificity 99.8%). Interestingly, when the same network (already trained for the 3 class images), analyzed duodenal adenocarcinoma (3723 images), the new images were classified as duodenal inflammation in 63.65%, small intestine control in 34.73%, and CD in 1.61% of the cases; and when the network was retrained using the 4 histological subtypes, the performance was above 99% for CD and 97% for adenocarcinoma. Finally, the model added 13,043 images of Crohn’s disease to include other inflammatory bowel diseases; a comparison between different CNN architectures was performed, and the gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technique was used to understand why the deep learning network made its classification decisions. In conclusion, the CNN-based deep neural system classified 5 diagnoses with high performance. Narrow artificial intelligence (AI) is designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, but it operates within limited constraints and is task-specific.
Funder
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
Reference93 articles.
1. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders;Volta;United Eur. Gastroenterol. J.,2019
2. Quantitative histology as a diagnostic tool for celiac disease in children and adolescents;Vargas;Ann. Diagn Pathol.,2022
3. Coeliac disease;Catassi;Lancet,2022
4. Detlef Schuppan, W.D. (2023). Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations of Celiac Disease in Adults, UpToDate.
5. Celiac Disease;Oxentenko;Mayo Clin. Proc.,2019