Impact of Nutritional Status on Postoperative Outcomes in Cancer Patients following Elective Pancreatic Surgery

Abstract

Background: Pancreatic surgery has been associated with important postoperative morbidity, mortality and prolonged length of hospital stay. In pancreatic surgery, the effect of poor preoperative nutritional status and muscle wasting on postsurgery clinical outcomes still remains unclear and controversial. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 consecutive patients with histologically proven carcinoma undergoing elective pancreatic surgery from June 2015 through to July 2020 were included and retrospectively studied. A multidimensional nutritional assessment was performed before elective surgery as required by the local clinical pathway. Clinical and nutritional data were collected in a medical database at diagnosis and after surgery. Results: In the multivariable analysis, body mass index (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04–1.59, p = 0.039) and weight loss (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.29, p = 0.004) were associated with Clavien score I–II; weight loss (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.27, p = 0.027) affected postsurgery morbidity/mortality, and reduced muscle mass was identified as an independent, prognostic factor for postsurgery digestive hemorrhages (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01 0.72, p = 0.03) and Clavien score I–II (OR 7.43, 95% CI 1.53–44.88, p = 0.018). No association was identified between nutritional status parameters before surgery and length of hospital stay, 30 days reintervention, 30 days readmission, pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula, Clavien score III–IV, Clavien score V and delayed gastric emptying. Conclusions: An impaired nutritional status before pancreatic surgery affects many postoperative outcomes. Assessment of nutritional status should be part of routine preoperative procedures in order to achieve early and appropriate nutritional support in pancreatic cancer patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the effect of preoperative nutritional therapy on short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatic elective surgery.