Novel Chitosan-Gelatin Scaffold with Valproic Acid Augments In Vitro Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Author:

Alghofaily Maha1ORCID,Alsalleeh Fahd1ORCID,Alssum Lamees2ORCID,Muthurangan Manikandan3ORCID,Alfayez Musaad3,Weir Michael D.4,Xu Hockin H. K.4

Affiliation:

1. Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia

2. Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia

3. Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia

4. Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA

Abstract

The study aimed to develop a biodegradable scaffold incorporating valproic acid (VPA) for improved human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) proliferation, differentiation, and bone mineral synthesis. A chitosan–gelatin (CH-G) scaffold was fabricated and loaded with varying concentrations of VPA (1, 3, 5 mM/L). In vitro studies assessed drug release, cell proliferation, morphology, mineralization, and gene expression. VPA was rapidly released from the scaffold, with over 90% cumulative release within seven days. Cells cultured on VPA-loaded scaffolds exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation and mineralization compared to the control. VPA treatment upregulated osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) expression, key markers of osteogenic differentiation. The CH-G scaffold, particularly with 1 mM/L VPA, demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and promotes hBMSC-mediated bone regeneration. This novel approach holds promise for future applications in bone tissue engineering.

Funder

Researchers Supporting Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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