Systemic Cytokine Expression in Diabetes Is Associated with Prolonged Gastrointestinal Transit Times and Cardinal Gastroparesis Symptoms

Author:

Okdahl Tina1ORCID,Wegeberg Anne-Marie123ORCID,Jensen Anne Birthe Helweg1,Jensen Sarah Thorius1,Andersen Helene Riis Pontoppidan1,Størling Joachim34,Brock Birgitte3,Brock Christina156

Affiliation:

1. Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark

2. Thisted Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital Thisted, 7700 Thisted, Denmark

3. Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark

4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark

5. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark

6. Steno Diabetes Center Northern Jutland, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark

Abstract

Gastroenteropathy is a common complication in diabetes associated with damages to the enteric nervous system. Systemic low-grade inflammation facilitates neurotoxicity, and associations with peripheral and autonomic neuropathy have been reported. However, less is known of associations with gastroenteropathy. To explore the area cross-sectionally, we included individuals with diabetes (type 1: 56, type 2: 100) and 21 healthy controls. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ were measured by multiplex technology. Segmental gastrointestinal transit times were assessed by wireless motility capsule investigations. Symptoms of gastroparesis were rated on Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index questionnaires. Compared to healthy, levels of TNF-α were decreased in type 1 diabetes and increased in type 2 diabetes, while colonic transit time was increased (all p < 0.05). In diabetes, associations between IL-8 and prolonged gastric emptying (odds ratio (OR) 1.07, p = 0.027) and between IL-10 and prolonged colonic transit (OR 29.99, p = 0.013) were seen. Inverse correlations between IL-6 and nausea/vomiting (rho = −0.19, p = 0.026) and bloating (rho = −0.29; p < 0.001) were found. These findings indicate a plausible interaction between inflammation and the enteric nervous system in diabetes, which raises the question of whether anti-inflammatory strategies could be applied in management of diabetic gastroenteropathy.

Funder

The A.P Møller Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Science

Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond

The Region of North Jutland Health Science Research Foundation

Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark

AAUs Talent Management Programme

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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