Association between Diabetes and Levels of Micronutrients in Qatar—A Case–Control Study

Author:

Soliman Nada1,Almishal Ruba1,Elsayed Basant1ORCID,Ahmed Ayaaz1,Al-Amri Sara1,Al-Kuwari Aisha1,Al-Muhannadi Shaikha1,Nadeer Muhammed1ORCID,Chivese Tawanda1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar

Abstract

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between micronutrient levels and diabetes and to explore the association in individuals with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes. Methods: A case–control study, matched on age and gender, was performed on participants with (cases) and without diabetes (controls), who were Qatari or long-term residents (≥15 years of residence). Participants with diabetes were divided into those with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes using an HbA1c cutoff of 7%. Levels of micronutrients were measured from serum and categorized into normal and abnormal levels. Results: A total of 1118 participants (374 cases and 744 controls) were included with a mean age of 41.7 years (SD 9.9), of whom 53.9% were female. Of those with diabetes, 229 had controlled diabetes and 145 had uncontrolled diabetes. Compared to those without diabetes, participants with diabetes had significantly lower mean magnesium (0.80 mmol/L (SD 0.07) vs. 0.84 mmol/L (SD 0.06), respectively, p < 0.001). Lower magnesium and iron were observed in participants with uncontrolled compared to participants with controlled diabetes. After multivariable logistic regression, diabetes was associated with hypomagnesemia (OR 3.2, 95% CI 3.4–213.9) and low iron (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.15). Uncontrolled diabetes showed stronger odds of association with hypomagnesemia (OR 5.57, 95% CI 3.65–8.52). Conclusion: In an affluent setting in the MENA region, diabetes was associated with low magnesium and low iron, and this association was stronger in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

Funder

Qatar National Library

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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