1. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Xue-Shi Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
2. Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
3. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
4. School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
5. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chu Shang Show Chwan Hospital, Nantou 557, Taiwan
6. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yu-De Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
7. Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan