SNPs-Panel Polymorphism Variations in GHRL and GHSR Genes Are Not Associated with Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major public health problem worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that ghrelin and its receptor could be involved in the susceptibility to several cancers such as PCa, leading to their use as an important predictive way for the clinical progression and prognosis of cancer. However, conflicting results of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor (GHSR) genes were demonstrated in different studies. Thus, the present case–control study was undertaken to investigate the association of GHRL and GHSR polymorphisms with the susceptibility to sporadic PCa. A cohort of 120 PCa patients and 95 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Genotyping of six SNPs was performed: three tag SNPs in GHRL (rs696217, rs4684677, rs3491141) and three tag SNPs in the GHSR (rs2922126, rs572169, rs2948694) using TaqMan. The allele and genotype distribution, as well as haplotypes frequencies and linked disequilibrium (LD), were established. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was used to study gene–gene interactions between the six SNPs. Our results showed no significant association of the target polymorphisms with PCa (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, SNPs are often just markers that help identify or delimit specific genomic regions that may harbour functional variants rather than the variants causing the disease. Furthermore, we found that one GHSR rs2922126, namely the TT genotype, was significantly more frequent in PCa patients than in controls (p = 0.040). These data suggest that this genotype could be a PCa susceptibility genotype. MDR analyses revealed that the rs2922126 and rs572169 combination was the best model, with 81.08% accuracy (p = 0.0001) for predicting susceptibility to PCa. The results also showed a precision of 98.1% (p < 0.0001) and a PR-AUC of 1.00. Our findings provide new insights into the influence of GHRL and GHSR polymorphisms and significant evidence for gene–gene interactions in PCa susceptibility, and they may guide clinical decision-making to prevent overtreatment and enhance patients’ quality of life.