The Potential Role of Cytokine Storm Pathway in the Clinical Course of Viral Respiratory Pandemic

Author:

Murdaca GiuseppeORCID,Paladin Francesca,Tonacci AlessandroORCID,Isola Stefania,Allegra AlessandroORCID,Gangemi Sebastiano

Abstract

The “cytokine storm” (CS) consists of a spectrum of different immune dysregulation disorders characterized by constitutional symptoms, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction triggered by an uncontrolled immune response. Particularly in respiratory virus infections, the cytokine storm plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease and the clinical outcome of respiratory diseases, leading to complications such as alveolar edema and hypoxia. In this review, we wanted to analyze the different pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the various respiratory viral pandemics (COVID-19; SARS; MERS; H1N1 influenza A and Spanish flu) which have affected humans in this and last century, with particular attention to the phenomenon of the “cytokine storm” which determines the clinical severity of the respiratory disease and consequently its lethality.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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