Vitamin D Levels in COVID-19 and NonCOVID-19 Pediatric Patients and Its Relationship with Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics

Author:

Totan Maria12,Matacuta-Bogdan Ioana-Octavia1,Hasegan Adrian1ORCID,Maniu Ionela34ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania

2. Clinical Laboratory, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 2-4 Pompeiu Onofreiu Str., 550166 Sibiu, Romania

3. Research Team, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania

4. Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Mathematics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550025 Sibiu, Romania

Abstract

25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is a marker with an important role in regulating the inflammatory response. Low concentrations of this vitamin are often found among the population, correlated with increased risk of respiratory tract infections. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and clinical and laboratory markers in children and adolescents hospitalized with and without COVID-19. A retrospective study, including all patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 and having vitamin D measured, was performed. All included hospitalized cases, 78 COVID-19 patients and 162 NonCOVID-19 patients, were divided into subgroups according to their 25(OH)D serum levels (<20 ng/mL—deficiency, 20–30 ng/mL—insufficiency, ≥30 ng/mL—normal or <30 ng/mL, ≥30 ng/mL) and age (≤2 years, >2 years). Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency increased with age, in both COVID-19 and NonCOVID-19 groups. All symptoms were encountered more frequently in cases of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in comparison with NonCOVID-19 cases. The most frequently encountered symptoms in the COVID-19 group were fever, loss of appetite, and nasal congestion. In the NonCOVID-19 group, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were positively correlated with leukocytes, lymphocytes, and LMR and negatively correlated with neutrophils, NLR, and PLR while no significant correlation was observed in the case of COVID-19 group. Differences between vitamin D status and clinical and laboratory parameters were observed, but their clinical significance should be interpreted with caution. The results of this study may offer further support for future studies exploring the mechanisms of the relationship between vitamin D and clinical and laboratory markers as well as for studies investigating the implications of vitamin D deficiency/supplementation on overall health/clinical outcomes of patients with/without COVID-19.

Funder

Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu

Publisher

MDPI AG

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