Pleiotropic Action of TGF-Beta in Physiological and Pathological Liver Conditions

Author:

Braczkowski Michał Jakub1ORCID,Kufel Klaudia Maria2ORCID,Kulińska Julia2,Czyż Daniel Łukasz2ORCID,Dittmann Aleksander2ORCID,Wiertelak Michał2,Młodzik Marcin Sławomir3,Braczkowski Ryszard4ORCID,Soszyński Dariusz15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland

2. Student Scientific Society of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland

3. Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland

4. Specialist Hospital No. 1, 41900 Bytom, Poland

5. Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87100 Torun, Poland

Abstract

The aim of this study is to review and analyze the pleiotropic effects of TGF-β in physiological and pathological conditions of the liver, with particular emphasis on its role in immune suppression, wound healing, regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and liver cell apoptosis. A literature review was conducted, including 52 studies, comprising review articles, in vitro and in vivo studies, and meta-analyses. Only studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were included in the analysis. TGF-β is a pleiotropic growth factor that is crucial for the liver, both in physiology and pathophysiology. Although its functions are complex and diverse, TGF-β plays a constant role in immune suppression, wound healing, and the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In concentrations exceeding the norm, it can induce the apoptosis of liver cells. Increased TGF-β levels are observed in many liver diseases, such as fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis. TGF-β has been shown to play a key role in many physiological and pathological processes of the liver, and its concentration may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in liver diseases.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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