Rota-Lithotripsy as a Novel Bail-Out Strategy for Highly Calcified Coronary Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Heavily calcified lesions in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) still represent a challenging subset for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Rota-lithotripsy—a marriage of rotational atherectomy and intravascular lithotripsy—has recently been introduced to clinical practice as a novel therapeutic option. Methods: This study is among the to present the 6-month clinical outcomes of rota-lithotripsy when performed in the ACS setting. The study cohort consisted of 15 consecutive ACS patients who underwent a rota-lithotripsy-PCI due to the presence of a highly calcified, undilatable lesion. Results: The procedural success ratio reached 100%. During the 6-month follow-up, in two of the patients, instances of MACE (major adverse cardiac events) occurred, including one fatal event. Additionally, during the observation period, one target lesion failure, due to subacute stent thrombosis, was identified. Conclusions: Rotational atherectomy with the subsequent use of shockwave intravascular lithotripsy appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic bail-out option for the management of highly calcified coronary artery lesions. Despite, these initial favorable outcomes, carrying out a large number of studies with long-term observations is still necessary in order to establish the potential benefits and shortcomings of rota-lithotripsy.