The Impact of Renal Function on Hepatic Encephalopathy Following TIPS Placement for Refractory Ascites

Abstract

Background: The impact of renal function on hepatic encephalopathy (HE) following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement for refractory ascites is poorly understood. We investigated the role of renal function on HE following TIPS placement. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for patients undergoing TIPS for refractory ascites from 2007–2019. Patients were stratified by GFR at time of TIPS placement and by whether they were on hemodialysis (HD). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 or higher was defined as pre-TIPS GFR < 60 for at least 3 months. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the role of GFR and CKD at time of TIPS placement on HE within 60 days post TIPS placement. Results: Among 201 TIPS patients for refractory ascites (61% male; mean age 59.1), 78 (39%) patients were in CKD, and 16 (21%) were on HD. Mean GFR at time of TIPS placement was 62.7 ± 28.2 for all non-HD patients (n = 185). Compared with the GFR ≥ 90 group, GFR < 30 or HD (OR, 3.56; 95%CI, 1.19–10.7; p = 0.023) and CKD (OR, 2.52; 95%CI, 1.40–4.53; p = 0.002) at time of TIPS placement were significant predictors of post-TIPS placement HE within 60 days. GFRs between 30–60 and 60–90 were not significant predictors. Conclusions: In TIPS patients for recurrent ascites, patients with acutely impaired renal function or chronic renal dysfunction were at an increased risk for HE after TIPS.