Activity-Based Prospective Memory in ADHD during Motor Sleep Inertia

Author:

Occhionero Miranda1,Tonetti Lorenzo1ORCID,Conca Andreas2,Giovagnoli Sara1ORCID,Giupponi Giancarlo2,Zoppello Marina3,Natale Vincenzo1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy

2. Division of Psychiatry, San Maurizio Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy

3. Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy

Abstract

Prospective memory (PM) is essential in everyday life because it concerns the ability to remember to perform an intended action in the future. Individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often show poor performance in PM. Because age can be confounding, we decided to test PM in ADHD patients (children and adults) and healthy controls (children and adults). We examined 22 children (four females; mean age = 8.77 ± 1.77) and 35 adults (14 females; mean age = 37.29 ± 12.23) with ADHD, in addition to 92 children (57 females; mean age = 10.13 ± 0.42) and 95 adults (57 females; mean age = 27.93 ± 14.35) as healthy controls. Each participant originally wore an actigraph around the non-dominant wrist and was requested to push the event-marker at get-up time. To assess the efficiency of PM performance, we calculated the time elapsing between the end of sleep in the morning and the pushing of the event-marker button. The results showed lower PM performance in ADHD participants, regardless of age. However, the differences between ADHD and control groups were more evident in the children group. Our data seem to confirm that PM efficiency is compromised in individuals diagnosed with ADHD regardless of age, and agree with the idea of considering the PM deficit as a neuropsychological marker of ADHD.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Biochemistry,Instrumentation,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Analytical Chemistry

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