Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Single Airfoil for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blades and Performance Prediction of Wind Turbines

Author:

Mitchell Samuel,Ogbonna Iheanyichukwu,Volkov Konstantin

Abstract

The design of wind turbines requires a deep insight into their complex aerodynamics, such as dynamic stall of a single airfoil and flow vortices. The calculation of the aerodynamic forces on the wind turbine blade at different angles of attack (AOAs) is a fundamental task in the design of the blades. The accurate and efficient calculation of aerodynamic forces (lift and drag) and the prediction of stall of an airfoil are challenging tasks. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is able to provide a better understanding of complex flows induced by the rotation of wind turbine blades. A numerical simulation is carried out to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a single airfoil in a wide range of conditions. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and large-eddy simulation (LES) results of flow over a single NACA0012 airfoil are presented in a wide range of AOAs from low lift through stall. Due to the symmetrical nature of airfoils, and also to reduce computational cost, the RANS simulation is performed in the 2D domain. However, the 3D domain is used for the LES calculations with periodical boundary conditions in the spanwise direction. The results obtained are verified and validated against experimental and computational data from previous works. The comparisons of LES and RANS results demonstrate that the RANS model considerably overpredicts the lift and drag of the airfoil at post-stall AOAs because the RANS model is not able to reproduce vorticity diffusion and the formation of the vortex. LES calculations offer good agreement with the experimental measurements.

Funder

Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Mechanical Engineering,Condensed Matter Physics

Reference34 articles.

1. Aerodynamic Characteristics of NACA 0012 Airfoil Section at Angles of Attack from 0° to 180°;Critzos,1955

2. Summary of Airfoil Data;Abbott,1945

3. Drag reduction of flat plate normal to airstream by flow control using a rod

4. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Seven Symmetrical Airfoil Sections through 180 Degree Angle of Attack for Use in Aerodynamic Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines;Sheldahl,1981

5. Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of NACA-0012 Aerofoil Section, Including the Effects of Upper-Surface Roughness Simulating Hoar Frost;Gregory,1973

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