Affiliation:
1. GBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510700, China
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Quantum Electromagnetics, Guangzhou 510700, China
3. School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
Abstract
Functional nucleic acid (FNA) probes have been widely used in environmental monitoring, food analysis, clinical diagnosis, and biological imaging because of their easy synthesis, functional modification, flexible design, and stable properties. However, most FNA probes are designed based on one-photon (OP) in the ultraviolet or visible regions, and the effectiveness of these OP-based FNA probes may be hindered by certain factors, such as their potential for photodamage and limited light tissue penetration. Two-photon (TP) is characterized by the nonlinear absorption of two relatively low-energy photons of near-infrared (NIR) light with the resulting emission of high-energy ultraviolet or visible light. TP-based FNA probes have excellent properties, including lower tissue self-absorption and autofluorescence, reduced photodamage and photobleaching, and higher spatial resolution, making them more advantageous than the conventional OP-based FNA probes in biomedical sensing. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of TP-excited and -activated FNA probes and detail their applications in biomolecular detection. In addition, we also share our views on the highlights and limitations of TP-based FNA probes. The ultimate goal is to provide design approaches for the development of high-performance TP-based FNA probes, thereby promoting their biological applications.
Funder
Chinese Academy of Sciences Pioneer Hundred Talents Program
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province
Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province
Subject
Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine,Analytical Chemistry,Biotechnology,Instrumentation,Biomedical Engineering,Engineering (miscellaneous)
Cited by
3 articles.
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