Affiliation:
1. School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
3. Huichuan Technology (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519060, China
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors based on immobilized enzymes are among the most popular and commercially successful biosensors. The literature in this field suggests that modification of electrodes with nanomaterials is an excellent method for enzyme immobilization, which can greatly improve the stability and sensitivity of the sensor. However, the poor stability, weak reproducibility, and limited lifetime of the enzyme itself still limit the requirements for the development of enzyme electrochemical biosensors for food production process monitoring. Therefore, constructing sensing technologies based on enzyme electrochemical biosensors remains a great challenge. This article outlines the construction principles of four generations of enzyme electrochemical biosensors and discusses the applications of single-enzyme systems, multi-enzyme systems, and nano-enzyme systems developed based on these principles. The article further describes methods to improve enzyme immobilization by combining different types of nanomaterials such as metals and their oxides, graphene-related materials, metal–organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes, and conducting polymers. In addition, the article highlights the challenges and future trends of enzyme electrochemical biosensors, providing theoretical support and future perspectives for further research and development of high-performance enzyme chemical biosensors.
Funder
Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia
Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project
Industry-University-Research collaboration of Zhuhai
Helanshan Scholars Program of Ningxia University, and the Youth Talent Support Program in Ningxia
Subject
Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine,Analytical Chemistry,Biotechnology,Instrumentation,Biomedical Engineering,Engineering (miscellaneous)
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