Effect of Phosphorous Content on the Microstructure and Stress Rupture Properties of 15Cr–15Ni Titanium-Modified Austenitic Stainless Steel

Abstract

The microstructure of solution-annealed and aged tensile properties and the stress rupture properties of 15Cr–15Ni titanium-modified austenitic stainless steel with different phosphorus contents were investigated using OM, SEM and TEM. The results showed that two phosphide morphologies were observed after long-term isothermal aging at 850 °C for 1000 h. One was the needle-like M2P distributed within the grain. The other was the blocky M3P distributed at the grain boundaries and twins. The tensile properties of the alloy were unaffected by the phosphorus content, but the stress rupture properties were significantly impacted. With the increase in the phosphorus content from 70 ppm to 250 ppm, the stress rupture life increased from 148 to 269.7 h. Since the strengthening effect of phosphides within the grain or at the grain boundary has been shown to improve the stress rupture properties of alloys, many nanosized granular precipitates, such as the sigma phase, carbides and phosphides, have been observed at the grain boundary, capable of alleviating the stress concentration and limit the crack propagation between two phases, improving the strength of the grain boundary. Intragranular needle-like phosphides can hinder dislocation movements effectively, which improves the intragranular strength of alloys.