Systemic Inflammasome Biomarkers as Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy Progression: Evidence from a Pilot Study

Author:

Kuo Charisse Y.-J.1,Rupenthal Ilva D.1ORCID,Booth Michael2,Murphy Rinki3ORCID,Mugisho Odunayo O.1

Affiliation:

1. Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand

2. Department of Surgery, North Shore Hospital, Te Whatu Ora—Waitemata, Auckland 0610, New Zealand

3. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand

Abstract

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway is believed to mediate chronic inflammation in diabetic retinopathy (DR); however, its impact on the progression of DR remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the primary aim of this pilot study was to determine whether systemic inflammasome biomarkers interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 can be used to predict DR progression. DR screening results were analyzed against weight, level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and plasma levels of inflammasome biomarkers (IL-1β and IL-18), as well as general inflammation markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) in patients with type 2 diabetes at baseline and 1 year post-bariatric surgery. Cross-sectional analysis demonstrated that weight, HbA1c, CRP, and IL-18 did not correlate with DR severity. The progressed group showed a higher relative change in IL-18 and CRP levels compared to the stable and regressed groups. Furthermore, relative changes in plasma CRP levels correlated with those of IL-18. Although further validation with larger cohorts is necessary, this pilot study supports the hypothesis that systemic inflammasome activation is associated with DR progression.

Funder

New Zealand Association of Optometrists Education and Research Fund

New Zealand Optometric Vision Research Foundation Research

Vernon Tews Education Trust

Neurological Foundation of New Zealand First Postdoctoral Fellowship

Auckland Medical Research Foundation

Health Research Council Emerging Researcher First Grant

Buchanan Charitable Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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