Impact of Pre-Gestational BMI and Gestational Weight Gain on Fetal Development Outcomes in Adolescent Pregnant Women

Author:

Grobeisen-Duque Orly1ORCID,Villavicencio-Carrisoza Oscar1ORCID,Mora-Vargas Carlos Daniel12,Arteaga-Lopez Carolina Penelope13,Martinez-Salazar Maria Guadalupe1,Rosas-Balan Alejandro4,León-Juárez Moises1ORCID,Villegas-Mota Maria Isabel5,Zaga-Clavellina Veronica1ORCID,Aguilera-Arreola Ma. Guadalupe2,Helguera-Repetto Addy Cecilia1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico

2. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11350, Mexico

3. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca 42000, Mexico

4. Coordinación de Medicina de la Adolescente, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico

5. Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico

Abstract

Background. Gestational weight gain (GWG) constitutes an essential aspect of the gestational process. Due to factors such as pregestational body mass index (BMI), nutritional intake, level of physical activity, and psychological aspects, the recommended GWG may not be achieved, leading to adverse neonatal outcomes. Adolescents, due to their physiological and mental developmental stage, are at a higher risk of inappropriate GWG. Our aim is to highlight the importance of GWG in our population and to determine the correlation with perinatal outcomes. Methods. Pregnant adolescents who attended a tertiary care institution for prenatal care were included; maternal data such as preBMI and GWG were used to determine maternal and neonatal outcomes using the chi-square test and OR determination. Results. A total of 202 adolescent pregnant patients were included, comprising those with inadequate GWG (n = 70), adequate GWG (n = 85), and excessive GWG (n = 47). A statistically significant association was found between low BMI and inadequate GWG. Patients with inadequate GWG demonstrated a correlation with IUGR and low birth weight, while patients with excessive GWG gave birth to macrosomic neonates. Conclusion. We concluded that previous habits play a significant role in determining weight gain throughout pregnancy. GWG has a direct impact on neonatal growth and development.

Funder

Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías CONAHCyT

Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference31 articles.

1. Yaktine, A.L., and Rasmussen, K.M. (2009). Weight Gain during Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines, The National Academies Collection. Reports Funded by National Institutes of Health Rasmussen.

2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2013). ACOG Committee opinion no. 548: Weight gain during pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol., 121, 210–212.

3. DeCherney, A.H., Nathan, L., Laufer, N., and Roman, A.S. (2019). CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 12e, McGraw-Hill Education.

4. The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: Lifelong consequences;Marshall;Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,2022

5. Prevalence of dieting and fear of weight gain across ages: A community sample from adolescents to the elderly;Bartels;Int. J. Public. Health,2017

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