Disposal Immunosensor for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen Based on Amino-Rich Nanochannels Array-Modified Patterned Indium Tin Oxide Electrode

Abstract

Sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigens (PSA) in serum is essential for the prevention and early treatment of prostate cancer. Simple and disposable electrochemical immunosensors are highly desirable for screening and mobile detection of PSAs in high-risk populations. Here, an electrochemical immunosensor was constructed based on amino-rich nanochannels array-modified patterned, inexpensive, and disposable indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which can be employed for the sensitive detection of PSA. Using an amino-group-containing precursor, a vertically ordered mesoporous silica nanochannel film (VMSF) containing amino groups (NH2-VMSF) was rapidly grown on ITO. When NH2-VMSF contained template surfactant micelle (SM), the outer surface of NH2-VMSF was directionally modified by aldehyde groups, which enabled further covalent immobilization of the recognitive antibody to prepare the immuno-recognitive interface. Owing to the charge-based selective permeability, NH2-VMSF can electrostatically adsorb negatively charged redox probes in solution (Fe(CN)63−/4−). The electrochemical detection of PSA is realized based on the mechanism that the antigen–antibody complex can reduce the diffusion of redox probes in solution to the underlying electrode, leading to the decrease in electrochemical signal. The constructed immunosensor can achieve sensitive detection of PSA in the range from 10 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.1 pg/mL. Sensitive detection of PSA in human serum was also achieved. The proposed disposable immunosensor based on cheap electrode and nanochannel array is expected to provide a new idea for developing a universal immunosensing platform for sensitive detection of tumor markers.