A Phosphenotron Device for Sensoric Spatial Resolution of Phosphenes within the Visual Field Using Non-Invasive Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Author:

Sadrzadeh-Afsharazar Faraz1ORCID,Douplik Alexandre12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan University (Formerly Ryerson University), Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada

2. Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing (LKS) Knowledge Institute, St. Michael Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada

Abstract

This study presents phosphenotron, a device for enhancing the sensory spatial resolution of phosphenes in the visual field (VF). The phosphenotron employs a non-invasive transcranial alternating current stimulation (NITACS) to modulate brain activity by applying weak electrical currents to the scalp or face. NITACS’s unique application induces phosphenes, a phenomenon where light is perceived without external stimuli. Unlike previous invasive methods, NITACS offers a non-invasive approach to create these effects. The study focused on assessing the spatial resolution of NITACS-induced phosphenes, crucial for advancements in visual aid technology and neuroscience. Eight participants were subjected to NITACS using a novel electrode arrangement around the eye orbits. Results showed that NITACS could generate spatially defined phosphene patterns in the VF, varying among individuals but consistently appearing within their VF and remaining stable through multiple stimulations. The study established optimal parameters for vibrant phosphene induction without discomfort and identified electrode positions that altered phosphene locations within different VF regions. Receiver Operating characteristics analysis indicated a specificity of 70.7%, sensitivity of 73.9%, and a control trial accuracy of 98.4%. These findings suggest that NITACS is a promising, reliable method for non-invasive visual perception modulation through phosphene generation.

Funder

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

MDPI AG

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