Spatial Vitality Evaluation and Coupling Regulation Mechanism of a Complex Ecosystem in Lixiahe Plain Based on Multi-Source Data

Abstract

[Purpose] With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process and the construction of the metropolitan area, the polarization phenomenon (Matthew effect) between cities and cities, cities and villages, and villages and villages has become increasingly prominent, and the relationship between urban and rural construction elements such as economy, society, nature, and population has become increasingly complex. However, due to the huge differences between cities and villages, it is difficult to use a unified “measuring ruler” to compare them horizontally and vertically in the space–time dimension. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and measure the spatial vitality of each administrative unit in the region from the perspective of urban development, that is, the sustainable development capacity of space. [Method] Taking Lixiahe Plain as the research object, based on the multi-source data such as POI, night-time light, and land use/cover, on the one hand, the spatial vitality evaluation system of the complex ecosystem is constructed, and the vitality levels and types of different township units are divided. On the other hand, the coupling degree model, coupling degree coordination degree model, spatial correlation analysis, and exploratory space–time data analysis are used to analyze the complex relationship and dynamic evolution characteristics of interaction stress among the spatial vitality of township units. [Conclusion] (1) The spatial vitality status is generally good, but there are great differences among regions, and the trend of fluctuant declines from west to east, and the spatial vitality type is a mainly vigorous type and development type. (2) There is a strong spatial dependence among the subsystems of the township units in the region. The spatial structure of the township units in the central area is more dynamic, while the spatial structure of the surrounding towns is more stable. (3) The 136 township units are divided into 4 different types of villages and towns, namely, coordinated evolution type, maladjustment evolution type, overall invariant type, and stable invariant type, which is conducive to putting forward their own development strategies.