Overview of Cellular and Soluble Mediators in Systemic Inflammation Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author:

Marques Patrice12ORCID,Francisco Vera13ORCID,Martínez-Arenas Laura456ORCID,Carvalho-Gomes Ângela45ORCID,Domingo Elena12,Piqueras Laura127ORCID,Berenguer Marina458ORCID,Sanz Maria-Jesus127ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain

2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain

3. Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain

4. Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplant Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain

5. CIBEREHD, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain

6. Department of Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain

7. CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain

8. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western countries, affecting approximately 25% of the adult population. This condition encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by abnormal accumulation of fat in liver tissue (non-alcoholic fatty liver, NAFL) that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by the presence of liver inflammation and damage. The latter form often coexists with liver fibrosis which, in turn, may progress to a state of cirrhosis and, potentially, hepatocarcinoma, both irreversible processes that often lead to the patient’s death and/or the need for liver transplantation. Along with the high associated economic burden, the high mortality rate among NAFLD patients raises interest, not only in the search for novel therapeutic approaches, but also in early diagnosis and prevention to reduce the incidence of NAFLD-related complications. In this line, an exhaustive characterization of the immune status of patients with NAFLD is mandatory. Herein, we attempted to gather and compare the current and relevant scientific evidence on this matter, mainly on human reports. We addressed the current knowledge related to circulating cellular and soluble mediators, particularly platelets, different leukocyte subsets and relevant inflammatory soluble mediators.

Funder

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Generalitat Valenciana

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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