Development of Cryogenic Systems for Astronomical Research

Author:

Balega Yuri1,Bolshakov Oleg2,Chernikov Aleksandr23,Gunbina Aleksandra24ORCID,Edelman Valerian5,Efimova Mariya2,Eliseev Aleksandr2,Krasilnikov Artem12,Lapkin Igor2,Lesnov Ilya2ORCID,Mansfeld Mariya12,Markina Mariya45,Pevzner Evgenii2,Shitov Sergey46ORCID,Smirnov Andrey7ORCID,Tarasov Mickhail4ORCID,Tyatushkin Nickolay2,Vdovin Anton12,Vdovin Vyacheslav127ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Special Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nizhnij Arkhyz 369167, Russia

2. A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhniy Novgorod 603600, Russia

3. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow 141980, Russia

4. The Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Moscow 101990, Russia

5. P.L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia

6. Laboratory of Cryoelectronic Systems, The National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia

7. P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow 119333, Russia

Abstract

The article presents a brief review of cooling systems that ensure various temperature levels (from 0.1 K to 230 K) for radio astronomical receivers of photonic and electronic (or optical and radio) devices. The features of various cooling levels and the requirements for the design of the cooling systems are considered in detail, as well as the approaches to designing interfaces for cooled receivers: vacuum, cryogenic, electrical, mechanical, optical, and other interfaces required for effective operation. The presented approaches to design are illustrated by a series of joint developments of the authors carried out over the past 45 years, including those produced over the past year.

Funder

Russian Science Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

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