Second-Order Statistics of Self-Splitting Structured Beams in Oceanic Turbulence

Abstract

Free-space optical communication is restricted by random media-stimulated beam degradation. However, partially coherent structured beams modulated by the coherence structure can potentially mitigate this negative effect. By employing the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral, we provide an examination of the second-order statistical features of a common type of partly coherent structured beams, self-splitting structured beams, in a turbulent ocean. The implications of turbulence parameters relating to the ocean and beginning beam parameters corresponding to the progression of such beam propagation attributes are fully investigated. Our numerical outcomes show that, for turbulence with a low-dissipation kinetic energy rate per unit mass of fluid, small Kolmogorov inner scale, large relative strength of temperature to salinity undulations, and large dissipation rate of mean-square temperature has a greater negative effect on the structured beams. In addition, we suggest an effective approach, enhancing the order of the beam and reducing the coherence length of the beams, to lower the oceanic turbulence-induced negative effects, and thus have future extensive possibilities in free-space optical communication.