Illustrations of Bessel Beams in s-Polarization, p-Polarization, Transverse Polarization, and Longitudinal Polarization

Abstract

The generation of Bessel beams (BBs) and their characterization in a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum are well established. The unique properties of BBs, including their non-diffracting and self-healing nature, make them efficient for use in material science and engineering technology. Here, I investigate the polarization components (s-polarization, p-polarization, transverse polarization, and longitudinal polarization) created in scalar BBs owing to their conical wave front. For emphasis, I provide a theoretical analysis to characterize potential experimental artifacts created in the four polarization components. Further, I provide a brief discussion on how to prevent these artifacts in scalar BBs. To my knowledge, for the first time, I can generate vector BBs in s-polarization and p-polarization via the superposition of two orthogonally polarized scalar BBs. This method of generation can provide the four well-known types of vector modes categorized in the V-point phase singularity vector modes. I suggest a suitable experimental configuration for realizing my theoretical results experimentally. The present analysis is very practical and beneficial for young researchers who seek to utilize BBs in light applications of modern science and technology.