Influence of the Structure of 3D Woven Fabrics on Radiation Heat Resistance and Thermophysiology Properties

Abstract

The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of structural and constructional parameters of 3D fabric on two of the most significant properties of fabrics for thermal protection—resistance to radiation heat and thermophysiological properties. Today’s textile materials provide high thermal protection, but they display poor thermophysiological properties in extreme conditions. Six samples of 3D fabrics were developed using a laboratory weaving machine. The examined samples were made of identical warp, with a total of three different weft densities, and were woven in two different weaves. The conditions of the weaving process and construction were the same. EN ISO 6942:2022 and EN ISO 11092:2014 methods were used to determine the resistance of the samples to thermal radiation and thermophysiological properties. The results showed that the samples that contained folds in their structure with a larger volume of “trapped” air had better thermophysiological properties and better resistance to thermal radiation. The volume of air contained in the 3D structure was used as a thermal insulator and it did not have a negative effect on the thermophysiological properties. The described structure enabled the 3D fabric to have an optimal ratio of thermal protection and comfort, which is of crucial importance for fabrics used to make thermal protective clothing.