The Feasibility of Surface Electromyography in Monitoring Orbicularis Oculi Recovery after Anterior Approach Levator Aponeurosis Advancement

Abstract

Introduction: In this article, we propose a new application for eyelid surface electromyography (sEMG). By placing the electrode in the mid-pretarsal area of the upper eyelid, one can easily perform a fast examination and achieve repeatable results. We believe that this technique may increase the feasibility of eyelid sEMG in clinical practice. Methods: 126 sEMG examinations of the upper eyelid were performed by using the above-described method. Thirty-nine controls and 29 ptotic patients were enrolled. The controls underwent one measurement while the ptotic patients were employed for four sessions: Before anterior approach levator aponeurosis advancement (LAA), 2 weeks, 3 months, and more than 6 months after surgery. The relaxation and maximal contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) using root mean square (RMS) values were measured. Results: The results showed a statistically significant decrease in RMS values of the maximal contraction of the OOM 2 weeks after surgery (p < 0.05) and 3 months after surgery (p = 0.03). Six months postoperatively, there were no statistically significant differences in OOM activity compared to preoperative values (p = 0.2). Conclusions: Eyelid sEMG may be a useful diagnostic tool in post-operative OOM recovery monitoring. sEMG parameters of the maximal contraction of the OOM normalize within 6 months after anterior approach LAA. Electrode placement in the mid-pretarsal area of the upper eyelid offers several advantages and therefore may enhance the feasibility of sEMG in clinical practice.