Lightweight-VGG: A Fast Deep Learning Architecture Based on Dimensionality Reduction and Nonlinear Enhancement for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Author:

Fei Xuan123ORCID,Wu Sijia3,Miao Jianyu3,Wang Guicai3,Sun Le4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Henan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China

2. Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China

3. School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China

4. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

Abstract

In the past decade, deep learning methods have proven to be highly effective in the classification of hyperspectral images (HSI), consistently outperforming traditional approaches. However, the large number of spectral bands in HSI data can lead to interference during the learning process. To address this issue, dimensionality reduction techniques can be employed to minimize data redundancy and improve HSI classification performance. Hence, we have developed an efficient lightweight learning framework consisting of two main components. Firstly, we utilized band selection and principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of HSI data, thereby reducing redundancy while retaining essential features. Subsequently, the pre-processed data was input into a modified VGG-based learning network for HSI classification. This method incorporates an improved dynamic activation function for the multi-layer perceptron to enhance non-linearity, and reduces the number of nodes in the fully connected layers of the original VGG architecture to improve speed while maintaining accuracy. This modified network structure, referred to as lightweight-VGG (LVGG), was specifically designed for HSI classification. Comprehensive experiments conducted on three publicly available HSI datasets consistently demonstrated that the LVGG method exhibited similar or better performance compared to other typical methods in the field of HSI classification. Our approach not only addresses the challenge of interference in deep learning methods for HSI classification, but also offers a lightweight and efficient solution for achieving high classification accuracy.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Henan Province

The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory Open Funded Project for Grain Information Processing and Control

the Natural Science Project of Zhengzhou Science and Technology Bureau

the Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology

Cultivation Programme for Young Backbone Teachers in Henan University of Technology

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences

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