Robust Cloud Suppression and Anomaly Detection in Time-Lapse Thermography

Author:

Small Christopher1ORCID,Sousa Daniel2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA

2. Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA

Abstract

Due to their transient nature, clouds represent anomalies relative to the underlying landscape of interest. Hence, the challenge of cloud identification can be considered a specific case in the more general problem of anomaly detection. The confounding effects of transient anomalies are particularly troublesome for spatiotemporal analysis of land surface processes. While spatiotemporal characterization provides a statistical basis to quantify the most significant temporal patterns and their spatial distributions without the need for a priori assumptions about the observed changes, the presence of transient anomalies can obscure the statistical properties of the spatiotemporal processes of interest. The objective of this study is to implement and evaluate a robust approach to distinguish clouds and other transient anomalies from diurnal and annual thermal cycles observed with time-lapse thermography. The approach uses Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) to statistically distinguish low-rank (L) and sparse (S) components of the land surface temperature image time series, followed by a spatiotemporal characterization of its low rank component to quantify the dominant diurnal and annual thermal cycles in the study area. RPCA effectively segregates clouds, sensor anomalies, swath gaps, geospatial displacements and transient thermal anomalies into the sparse component time series. Spatiotemporal characterization of the low-rank component time series clearly resolves a variety of diurnal and annual thermal cycles for different land covers and water bodies while segregating transient anomalies potentially of interest.

Funder

USDA NIFA Sustainable Agroecosystems program

USDA AFRI Rapid Response to Extreme Weather Events Across Food and Agricultural Systems program

NASA Land-Cover/Land Use Change program

NASA Remote Sensing of Water Quality program

NASA Applications-Oriented Augmentations for Research and Analysis program

NASA Commercial Smallsat Data Analysis Program

NASA FireSense Airborne Science Program

California Climate Action Seed Award Program

endowment of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University

Publisher

MDPI AG

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