Portrayal of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Targets

Author:

Tanase Daniela Maria12ORCID,Valasciuc Emilia12ORCID,Gosav Evelina Maria12ORCID,Ouatu Anca12ORCID,Buliga-Finis Oana Nicoleta12,Floria Mariana12ORCID,Maranduca Minela Aida23ORCID,Serban Ionela Lacramioara3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania

2. Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania

3. Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania

Abstract

We are witnessing the globalization of a specific type of arteriosclerosis with rising prevalence, incidence and an overall cardiovascular disease burden. Currently, atherosclerosis increasingly affects the younger generation as compared to previous decades. While early preventive medicine has seen improvements, research advances in laboratory and clinical investigation promise to provide us with novel diagnosis tools. Given the physio-pathological complexity and epigenetic patterns of atherosclerosis and the discovery of new molecules involved, the therapeutic field of atherosclerosis has room for substantial growth. Thus, the scientific community is currently investigating the role of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system in different inflammatory disorders. NLRP3 is activated by distinct factors and numerous cellular and molecular events which trigger NLRP3 inflammasome assembly with subsequent cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18 pathways via caspase-1 activation, eliciting endothelial dysfunction, promotion of oxidative stress and the inflammation process of atherosclerosis. In this review, we introduce the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its role in atherosclerosis. We also emphasize its promising therapeutic pharmaceutical potential.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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