Embryonic Stem Cells Can Generate Oral Epithelia under Matrix Instruction

Author:

Das Ridhima1,Harper Lisa2,Kitajima Kayoko3,Osman Tarig Al-Hadi4,Cimpan Mihaela Roxana4,Johannssen Anne Chr.15,Suliman Salwa4,Mackenzie Ian C.2,Costea Daniela-Elena15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway

2. Institute for Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

3. Department of Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan

4. Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway

5. Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway

Abstract

We aimed to investigate whether molecular clues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) can induce oral epithelial differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) of the feeder-independent cell line E14 were used as a model for pluripotent stem cells. They were first grown in 2D on various matrices in media containing vitamin C and without leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Matrices investigated were gelatin, laminin, and extracellular matrices (ECM) synthesized by primary normal oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes in culture. Differentiation into epithelial lineages was assessed by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry for cytokeratins and stem cell markers. ESC grown in 2D on various matrices were afterwards grown in 3D organotypic cultures with or without oral fibroblasts in the collagen matrix and examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry for epithelial (keratin pairs 1/10 and 4/13 to distinguish epidermal from oral epithelia and keratins 8,18,19 to phenotype simple epithelia) and mesenchymal (vimentin) phenotypes. ECM synthesized by either oral fibroblasts or keratinocytes was able to induce, in 2D cultures, the expression of cytokeratins of the stratified epithelial phenotype. When grown in 3D, all ESC developed into two morphologically distinct cell populations on collagen gels: (i) epithelial-like cells organized in islands with occasional cyst- or duct-like structures and (ii) spindle-shaped cells suggestive of mesenchymal differentiation. The 3D culture on oral fibroblast-populated collagen matrices was necessary for further differentiation into oral epithelia. Only ESC initially grown on 2D keratinocyte or fibroblast-synthesized matrices reached full epithelial maturation. In conclusion, ESC can generate oral epithelia under matrix instruction.

Funder

Helse Vest

The Research Council of Norway

The Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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