1. Regional Center of Excellence on Sustainable Cities in Africa (CERViDA-DOUNEDON/UL), Lomé 01 BP 1515, Togo
2. Research Laboratory on Spaces, Exchanges and Human Security (LaREESH), University of Lomé, Lomé 01 BP 1515, Togo
3. Civic Academy for Africa’s Future (CiAAF), Cotonou BP 74, Benin
4. Geography Department, University of N’Djaména, N’Djaména BP 1117, Chad
5. Geography Department, University Adam Barka, Abéché RRF4+4P3, Chad