Association between Improvement of Oral Health, Swallowing Function, and Nutritional Intake Method in Acute Stroke Patients

Abstract

Stroke and poor oral health are common in older people, and the brain injuries associated with stroke are often accompanied by a decline in oral function. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of stroke patients who could not recover oral ingestion until discharge and the association between improved oral health, swallowing function, and nutritional intake methods in acute care. The subjects were 216 consecutive stroke patients who were admitted to Tokyo Medical and Dental University hospital and received oral health management. Nutritional intake, dysphagia, and oral health were evaluated using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS), and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), respectively. Patients in the tube feeding group (FOIS level 1–2, N = 68) tended to have a worse general condition, fewer functional teeth, and a worse DSS level than those in the oral nutrition group (FOIS level 3–7, N = 148). Multiple analysis with improvement in FOIS score as the dependent variable showed that number of functional teeth (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, p = 0.04) and improved DSS (OR: 7.44, p < 0.001) and OHAT values (OR: 1.23, p = 0.048) were associated with improvement in nutritional intake methods in acute care. Therefore, recovery of swallowing function and oral health might be important for stroke patients to recover oral ingestion in acute care.