Dyslipidemia, Obesity, and Ethnicity in Mexican Children

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess lipid disorders in children from five ethnic groups, both urban and indigenous, from northern and central Mexico. We measured the lipid profile to determine the ability of the body mass index (BMI) to discriminate an abnormally high lipid level using receiving operating characteristics (ROC). We analyzed the association and interaction of obesity and ethnicity with lipid disorders using generalized linear models in 977 children. The highest prevalence of lipid disorders (high TG, high TC, high LDL, high APOB, and dyslipidemia) was found in central Mexico-Mexico City and urban northern Mexico. The BMI performed better at predicting low HDL in Seris, a northern indigenous group (0.95, CI: 0.69–0.85), and Mexico City (0.75, CI: 0.69–0.82), and high LDL in Puebla (central Mexico, 0.80, CI: 0.69–0.85). Obesity significantly (p < 0.05) increases lipid disorders by around two times (OR~2) for almost all lipid markers. Obesity and ethnic interaction increase the lipid disorders by more than five times for different lipid markers and ethnic groups (high total cholesterol OR = 5.31; low HDL OR = 5.11, and dyslipidemia OR = 5.68). Lipid disorders are not restricted to children with high BMIs, but obesity exacerbates these. The emerging lipid disorder risk depends on the ethnic group.