Grossly Bloody Colostrum—The Need for Staff Education and Maternal Support

Author:

Wszołek Katarzyna12ORCID,Przewoźny Stanisław3ORCID,Nowek Adrianna13,Odor Angelika34,Małyszka (Hoffmann) Paulina13,Przybylski Marcin4,Żurawski Jakub5ORCID,Pięt Małgorzata6,Wilczak Maciej12

Affiliation:

1. Gynecology-Obstetrics Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland

2. Department of Maternal and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland

3. Students’ Scientific Association, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland

4. Greater Poland Specialist Centre, 60-479 Poznan, Poland

5. Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland

6. Facility of Practical Midwifery Teaching, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland

Abstract

Background: Grossly bloody colostrum is defined as the presence of brownish or bloody-colored colostrum. The frequency is determined to be 0.1% of all births, and no predisposing factor for its occurrence was determined. The purpose of this study was to find factors that increase the probability of the syndrome and the possible influence of the presence of erythrocytes (red blood cells—RBCs) in breast milk on the symptoms of maternal milk intolerance in newborns. Methods: Here, 2 mL of colostrum was collected from 137 participants on postpartum days 1–3, separately from each breast, and transferred to the laboratory. For microscopic analysis, 0.5 mL of colostrum was centrifuged and then stained using the May–Grünwald–Giemsa method. Using an Olympus BX 43 light microscope at 400× total magnification, samples were visually assessed for the presence of RBCs. Additionally, the participants completed a questionnaire regarding their health status, observation of feeding tolerance of the newborn, observed milk color and other factors. Results: The number of RBCs in the yellow or white colostrum samples ranged from 8 to 1000 RBCs/mL and was found in 24.8% of cases. Regardless of the number of RBCs, the color of the milk was white (28.5%) or yellow (66.4%). Only one participant (0.7%) presented classical bloody-stained colostrum with visible bloody-milk colorization. We did not observe the influence of any analyzed factor as the reason for the increased number of RBCs in the colostrum. Conclusions: The presence of RBCs in breast milk did not cause milk intolerance among newborns and was independent of the analyzed factors. Mothers should be supported, and in view of the overall composition of breast milk, especially the content of immune cells in colostrum, even a temporary interruption in breast milk feeding in the case of grossly bloody colostrum is not recommended.

Funder

Poznan University of Medical Sciences’ Student Research Committee

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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