Development of a Nutrient Profile Model for Dishes in Japan Version 1.0: A New Step towards Addressing Public Health Nutrition Challenges

Abstract

To address the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and promote healthier eating habits, Japan requires a culturally tailored Nutrient Profile Model. This study aimed to develop a Nutrient Profile Model for Dishes in Japan version 1.0 (NPM-DJ (1.0)) that corresponds to the nutritional issues and food culture in Japan. The aim of the NPM-DJ (1.0) was to promote the health of the general population, and to prevent the increase in NCDs in Japan. The NPM-DJ (1.0) categorizes dishes into staples, sides, mains, mixed dishes, and mixed dishes with staples. The model evaluates dishes based on energy, saturated fats, sugars, and sodium as restricted nutrients, while considering protein, dietary fiber, and the weight of certain food groups as recommended nutrients. The distribution of the overall score for each dish category was analyzed and a rating algorithm was created. The baseline, modification points, and final scores were significantly lower for side dishes than for staple dishes. In contrast, the baseline points and final scores were significantly higher for mixed dishes with staple. The model effectively differentiated nutritional profiles across five dishes categories, which may promote healthier dish reformulation by food businesses operators and encourage consumers to select healthier dishes.