From SuperTIGER to TIGERISS

Author:

Rauch B. F.1ORCID,Zober W. V.1ORCID,Abarr Q.2ORCID,Akaike Y.3ORCID,Binns W. R.1ORCID,Borda R. F.4,Bose R. G.1,Brandt T. J.5ORCID,Braun D. L.1,Buckley J. H.1,Cannady N. W.467ORCID,Coutu S.89ORCID,Crabill R. M.10,Dowkontt P. F.1,Israel M. H.1ORCID,Kandula M.11,Krizmanic J. F.6ORCID,Labrador A. W.10ORCID,Labrador W.1,Lisalda L.1ORCID,Martins J. V.4,McPherson M. P.12ORCID,Mewaldt R. A.10,Mitchell J. G.13ORCID,Mitchell J. W.6,Mognet S. A. I.89,Murphy R. P.14ORCID,de Nolfo G. A.13ORCID,Nutter S.15,Olevitch M. A.1,Osborn N. E.1,Pastrana I. M.1,Sakai K.16ORCID,Sasaki M.6717ORCID,Smith S.12,Tolentino H. A.18,Walsh N. E.1,Ward J. E.19,Washington D.8,West A. T.20ORCID,Williams L. P.21

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA

2. Department of Physics and Astronomy and The Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA

3. Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan

4. Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA

5. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands

6. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

7. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology II, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

8. Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA

9. Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA

10. Space Astrophysics and Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

11. Space Coast Science, Engineering & Operations Group, KBR, Titusville, FL 32780, USA

12. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA

13. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

14. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA

15. Department of Physics and Geology, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA

16. Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

17. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

18. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA

19. Spire Global, L-2763 Luxembourg-Ville, Luxembourg

20. Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA

21. Electro-Mechanical & Systems Engineering Group, KBR, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

Abstract

The Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (TIGER) family of instruments is optimized to measure the relative abundances of the rare, ultra-heavy galactic cosmic rays (UHGCRs) with atomic number (Z) Z ≥ 30. Observing the UHGCRs places a premium on exposure that the balloon-borne SuperTIGER achieved with a large area detector (5.6 m2) and two Antarctic flights totaling 87 days, while the smaller (∼1 m2) TIGER for the International Space Station (TIGERISS) aims to achieve this with a longer observation time from one to several years. SuperTIGER uses a combination of scintillator and Cherenkov detectors to determine charge and energy. TIGERISS will use silicon strip detectors (SSDs) instead of scintillators, with improved charge resolution, signal linearity, and dynamic range. Extended single-element resolution UHGCR measurements through 82Pb will cover elements produced in s-process and r-process neutron capture nucleosynthesis, adding to the multi-messenger effort to determine the relative contributions of supernovae (SNe) and Neutron Star Merger (NSM) events to the r-process nucleosynthesis product content of the galaxy.

Funder

NASA

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Instrumentation

Reference61 articles.

1. Walsh, N.E. (2020). SuperTIGER Elemental Abundances for the Charge Range 41≤Z≤56. [Ph.D. Thesis, Washington University].

2. Walsh, N.E., Akaike, Y., Binns, W., Bose, R., Brandt, T., Braun, D., Cannady, N., Dowkontt, P., Hams, T., and Israel, M. (2021, January 12–23). SuperTIGER Abundances of Galactic Cosmic Rays for the Atomic Number (Z) Interval 30 to 56. Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021), Berlin, Germany.

3. SuperTIGER instrument abundances of galactic cosmic rays for the charge interval 41 ⩽ Z ⩽ 56;Walsh;Adv. Space Res.,2022

4. Walsh, N.E. (August, January 26). SuperTIGER Abundances of Galactic Cosmic Rays for the Atomic Number (Z) Interval 40 to 56. Proceedings of the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023), Nagoya, Japan.

5. Rauch, B.F., Zober, W.V., Borda, R.F., Bose, R.G., Braun, D.L., Buckley, J., Calderon, J., Cannady, N.W., Caputo, R., and Coutu, S. (August, January 26). The Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder for the International Space Station (TIGERISS). Proceedings of the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023), Nagoya, Japan.

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