Air Pollution in Urban Africa: Understanding Attitudes and Economic Valuation in the Case of Dakar, Senegal

Abstract

The degradation of air quality is a real concern in Africa, as pollution levels are consistently above commonly accepted thresholds, and yet, very little is known about individual attitudes and the extent to which improved air quality is valued in the context of rapid urbanization. This research proposes to analyze the willingness to pay for reduced air quality in African urban areas. Using survey data from 427 individuals in Dakar (Senegal) between February and May 2019, a double-bound, dichotomous contingent valuation model is developed. The results first suggest that 70% of individuals are indeed willing to pay an average of CFA Francs 3114.8 (USD 5.6) per month to contribute to air quality improvement, and the corresponding value of a life year gained is estimated at CFA Francs 35,550.2 (USD 80) at least. The results also point to a great deal of heterogeneity in individual valuation schemes, as they vary with the perceptions of life expectancy gains, payment vehicles, and various individual characteristics, and also across months with different levels of temperatures. These findings could constitute important inputs into public strategies aimed at improving air quality in the African context.