Synergistic Antileishmanial Effect of Oregano Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanisms of Action on Leishmania amazonensis
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Published:2023-04-29
Issue:5
Volume:12
Page:660
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ISSN:2076-0817
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Container-title:Pathogens
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Pathogens
Author:
Alves Alex Barbosa1, da Silva Bortoleti Bruna Taciane12ORCID, Tomiotto-Pellissier Fernanda12ORCID, Ganaza Ana Flávia Marques1, Gonçalves Manoela Daiele3, Carloto Amanda Cristina Machado1ORCID, Rodrigues Ana Carolina Jacob1, Silva Taylon Felipe1ORCID, Nakazato Gerson4ORCID, Kobayashi Renata Katsuko Takayama4ORCID, Lazarin-Bidóia Danielle1, Miranda-Sapla Milena Menegazzo1ORCID, Costa Idessania Nazareth1, Pavanelli Wander Rogério1ORCID, Conchon-Costa Ivete1
Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil 2. Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC-Fiocruz-Pr), Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil 3. Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil 4. Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by the Leishmania genus, poses significant challenges in treatment, including administration difficulty, low efficacy, and parasite resistance. Novel compounds or associations offer alternative therapies, and natural products such as oregano essential oil (OEO), extracted from Origanum vulgare, have been extensively researched due to biological effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNp), a nanomaterial with compelling antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity, have been shown to exhibit potent leishmanicidal properties. We evaluated the in vitro effect of OEO and AgNp-Bio association on L. amazonensis and the death mechanisms of the parasite involved. Our results demonstrated a synergistic antileishmanial effect of OEO + AgNp on promastigote forms and L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, which induced morphological and ultrastructural changes in promastigotes. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanisms underlying parasite death and showed an increase in NO, ROS, mitochondrial depolarization, accumulation of lipid-storage bodies, autophagic vacuoles, phosphatidylserine exposure, and damage to the plasma membrane. Moreover, the association resulted in a reduction in the percentage of infected cells and the number of amastigotes per macrophage. In conclusion, our findings establish that OEO + AgNp elicits a late apoptosis-like mechanism to combat promastigote forms and promotes ROS and NO production in infected macrophages to target intracellular amastigote forms.
Funder
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)—Brazil Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy
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