Monitoring the Status of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Non-Endemic Implementation Units: A Case Study of Borgu in Northcentral Nigeria

Author:

Adewale Babatunde1ORCID,Mogaji Hammed23,Balogun Joshua4,Balogun Emmanuel5,Olamiju Francisca3,Herbert De’Broski6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos 101245, Nigeria

2. Parasitology and Epidemiology Unit, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti 371104, Nigeria

3. Mission to Save the Helpless, Jos 930001, Nigeria

4. Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720223, Nigeria

5. Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria

6. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

Abstract

Nigeria remains the most endemic country in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH). In line with ongoing monitoring plans, we present findings from a recent analysis of STH epidemiological data in Borgu, one of the non-endemic implementation units for STH in the northcentral region of Nigeria. An overall prevalence of 8.8% was recorded for STH infection, which corresponds to a 51.9% decline from the 18.3% reported in 2013. All the infected participants (36 out of 410) had a low intensity of infection. However, more than two-thirds (69%) of the children do not have access to latrine facilities, and 45% of them walk barefoot. Prevalence was significantly associated with community, age, and parental occupation. About 21–25% reduced odds were reported in some of the study communities, and children whose parents were traders had 20 times lower odds of infection compared to those whose parents were farmers. The ongoing preventive chemotherapy program for lymphatic filariasis in the area could be responsible for the huge reduction in prevalence and intensity estimates for STH. It is therefore important to invest in monitoring transmission dynamics in other non-endemic areas to arrest emerging threats through the provision of complementary interventions including WASH facilities and other health educational tools.

Funder

Herbert Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania

Nigerian Institute of Medical Research

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy

Reference32 articles.

1. Hotez, P.J., and Kamath, A. (2009). Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease Burden. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 3.

2. World Health Organization (2020). Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021–2030, World Health Organization.

3. World Health Organization (2022, February 03). Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections.

4. A Review of Studies on the Effect of Iron Deficiency on Cognitive Development in Children;Ani;J. Nutr.,2001

5. Helminth infection and cognitive impairment among Filipino children;Ezeamama;Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene,2005

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