Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Pratylenchus penetrans Infestation in Apple Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract

A major problem in fruit cultivation in Flanders is replant disease due to a lack of uncultivated soils available for new plantings. Replant disease can cause poor growth and affect time to full production, however Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can prove their usefulness with regard to these problems. To further investigate the effect of AMF on nematodes, different AMF species were amended to potted apple seedlings in the presence of the nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Generally, apple seedlings grew better in the presence of nematodes when mycorrhiza were inoculated into the soil. Moreover, a positive correlation (R2 ≥ 0.88) was found between the percentage root length colonization of the roots of apple seedlings, by AMF species, and nematode reduction in the soil of the seedlings. Indigenous AMF could colonize the roots of apple seedlings the most efficiently, resulting in a higher biocontrol effect. Besides, a synergistic effect was observed when two AMF strains were applied together leading to a significant growth response of the seedlings.