Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia

Author:

Kaneko Chiho,Sasaki MichihitoORCID,Omori Ryosuke,Nakao RyoORCID,Kataoka-Nakamura Chikako,Moonga Ladslav,Ndebe Joseph,Muleya Walter,Simulundu EdgarORCID,Hang’ombe Bernard M.,Dautu George,Kajihara Masahiro,Mori-Kajihara Akina,Qiu YongjinORCID,Ito NaotoORCID,Chambaro Herman M.,Sugimoto Chihiro,Higashi HideakiORCID,Takada AyatoORCID,Sawa Hirofumi,Mweene Aaron S.,Isoda Norikazu

Abstract

Rabies remains endemic in Zambia. Despite conducting canine vaccinations in Lusaka district, the vaccination coverage and actual seropositivity in the dog population in Lusaka district are rarely evaluated. This study estimated the seropositivity-based immunization coverage in the owned dog population in Lusaka district using the expanded program on immunization cluster survey method. The time-series trend of neutralizing antibodies against rabies in vaccinated dogs was also evaluated. Of 366 dogs in 200 dog-owning households in Lusaka district, blood samples were collected successfully from 251 dogs. In the sampled dogs, 42.2% (106/251) had an antibody titer ≥0.5 IU/mL. When the 115 dogs whose blood was not collected were assumed to be seronegative, the minimum immunization coverage in Lusaka district’s owned dog population was estimated at 29.0% (95% confidence interval: 22.4–35.5). It was also found that a single vaccination with certified vaccines is capable of inducing protective levels of antibodies. In contrast, higher antibody titers were observed in multiple-vaccinated dogs than in single-vaccinated dogs, coupled with the observation of a decline in antibody titer over time. These results suggest the importance of continuous booster immunization to maintain herd immunity and provide useful information to plan mass vaccination against rabies in Zambia.

Funder

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

Japan International Cooperation Agency within the framework of the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy

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