Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Rotavirus A from Domestic Pigs in Zambia: Evidence for Possible Porcine–Human Interspecies Transmission

Author:

Ndebe Joseph1,Harima Hayato2ORCID,Chambaro Herman Moses3,Sasaki Michihito4ORCID,Yamagishi Junya5,Kalonda Annie6ORCID,Shawa Misheck78,Qiu Yongjin910ORCID,Kajihara Masahiro78ORCID,Takada Ayato1111213ORCID,Sawa Hirofumi111131415ORCID,Saasa Ngonda1,Simulundu Edgar116ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia

2. Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan

3. Central Veterinary Research Institute (CVRI), Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia

4. Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan

5. Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan

6. Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia

7. Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia

8. Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan

9. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, Toyama 1-23-1, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan

10. Department of Virology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan

11. Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia

12. Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan

13. One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan

14. Hokkaido University, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan

15. Global Virus Network, 725 W Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA

16. Macha Research Trust, Choma 20100, Zambia

Abstract

Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea globally in animals and young children under 5 years old. Here, molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine rotavirus in smallholder and commercial pig farms in the Lusaka Province of Zambia were conducted. Screening of 148 stool samples by RT-PCR targeting the VP6 gene revealed a prevalence of 22.9% (34/148). Further testing of VP6-positive samples with VP7-specific primers produced 12 positives, which were then Sanger-sequenced. BLASTn of the VP7 positives showed sequence similarity to porcine and human rotavirus strains with identities ranging from 87.5% to 97.1%. By next-generation sequencing, the full-length genetic constellation of the representative strains RVA/pig-wt/ZMB/LSK0137 and RVA/pig-wt/ZMB/LSK0147 were determined. Genotyping of these strains revealed a known Wa-like genetic backbone, and their genetic constellations were G4-P[6]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 and G9-P[13]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two viruses might have their ancestral origin from pigs, though some of their gene segments were related to human strains. The study shows evidence of reassortment and possible interspecies transmission between pigs and humans in Zambia. Therefore, the “One Health” surveillance approach for rotavirus A in animals and humans is recommended to inform the design of effective control measures.

Funder

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) within the framework of the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development

Japan Initiative for Global Research Network of Infectious Diseases from AMED

Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure from AMED

AMED

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy

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