Bee Venom and Its Two Main Components—Melittin and Phospholipase A2—As Promising Antiviral Drug Candidates
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Published:2023-11-15
Issue:11
Volume:12
Page:1354
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ISSN:2076-0817
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Container-title:Pathogens
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Pathogens
Author:
Yaacoub Carole12, Wehbe Rim3ORCID, Roufayel Rabih4ORCID, Fajloun Ziad25ORCID, Coutard Bruno1
Affiliation:
1. Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille University, IRD 190-Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France 2. Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon 3. Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon 4. College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait 5. Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
Abstract
Viruses are known to infect most types of organisms. In humans, they can cause several diseases that range from mild to severe. Although many antiviral therapies have been developed, viral infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the discovery of new and effective antiviral agents is desperately needed. Animal venoms are a rich source of bioactive molecules found in natural goods that have been used since ancient times in alternative medicine to treat a variety of human diseases. Recently, and with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists have regained their interest in the possible use of natural products, such as bee venom (BV), as a potential antiviral agent to treat viral infections. BV is known to exert many therapeutic activities such as anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is limited discussion of the antiviral activity of BV in the literature. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the antiviral properties of BV and its two primary constituents, melittin (MEL) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), against a variety of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Finally, the innovative strategies used to reduce the toxicity of BV and its two compounds for the development of new antiviral treatments are also considered.
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy
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