Antifungal Compounds from Microbial Symbionts Associated with Aquatic Animals and Cellular Targets: A Review

Author:

Ngo-Mback Madeleine Nina Love1,Zeuko’o Menkem Elisabeth2ORCID,Marco Heather G.3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, University of Douala, Douala P.O. Box 2701, Cameroon

2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon

3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa

Abstract

Fungal infections continue to be a serious public health problem, leading to an estimated 1.6 million deaths annually. It remains a major cause of mortality for people with a weak or affected immune system, such as those suffering from cancer under aggressive chemotherapies. On the other hand, pathogenic fungi are counted among the most destructive factors affecting crops, causing a third of all food crop losses annually and critically affecting the worldwide economy and food security. However, the limited number currently available and the cytotoxicity of the conventional antifungal drugs, which are not yet properly diversified in terms of mode of action, in addition to resistance phenomena, make the search for new antifungals imperative to improve both human health and food protection. Symbiosis has been a crucial alternative for drug discovery, through which many antimicrobials have been discovered. This review highlights some antifungal models of a defensive symbiosis of microbial symbiont natural products derived from interacting with aquatic animals as one of the best opportunities. Some recorded compounds with supposed novel cell targets such as apoptosis could lead to the development of a multitherapy involving the mutual treatment of fungal infections and other metabolic diseases involving apoptosis in their pathogenesis pathways.

Funder

African-German Network of Excellence in Science

National Research Foundation of South Africa

University of Cape Town

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy

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