Affiliation:
1. Department of Molecular Biology & Infectious Diseases, Community Welfare Society Hospital, Rourkela 769042, Odisha, India
2. Infectious Disease Biology Unit, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela 769005, Odisha, India
Abstract
No specific or adjunctive therapies exist to treat cerebral malaria (CM) as of date. CM is a neuropathological manifestation of the malaria infection in humans, caused by the hemoparasitic pathogen Plasmodium falciparum. Driven through a multitude of virulence factors, varied immune responses, variations in brain swelling with regard to the age of patients, parasite biomass, and parasite-typing, the essential pathogenetic mechanisms underlying clinical CM have remained elusive. However, a recent series of studies based on molecular, immunologic, and advanced neuroradiologic and machine-learning approaches have unraveled new trends and insights to better understand and focus on the key determinants of CM in humans. This could possibly be the beginning of the design of new and effective adjunctive therapies that may not be common or applicable to the entire malarious world, but that could, rather, be specific to the variations in the determinants of CM.
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy
Reference44 articles.
1. World Health Organization (WHO) (2022). World Malaria Report, World Health Organization.
2. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of cerebral malaria;Dondorp;Neurol. Asia,2005
3. Advances in the management of cerebral malaria in adults;Mishra;Curr. Opin. Neurol.,2009
4. El-Assaad, F., Wheway, J., Hunt, N.H., Grau, G.E., and Combes, V. (2014). Production, fate and pathogenicity of plasma microparticles in murine cerebral malaria. PLoS Pathog., 10.
5. Diagnosis and management of the neurological complications of falciparum malaria;Mishra;Nat. Rev. Neurol.,2009