Overview of Clean Automotive Thermal Propulsion Options for India to 2030

Abstract

This paper presents the evaluation of near-future advanced internal combustion engine technologies to reach near zero-emission in vehicles with in the Indian market. Extensive research was carried out to propose the rationalise the most promising, new ICE technologies which can be implemented in the vehicles to reduce CO2 emissions until the year 2030. A total of six technologies were considered that could be implemented in the Indian market. An initial market survey was carried out on the Indian automotive industry and electric vehicles in India, followed by an in-depth analysis and understanding of each technology through literature review. The main aim of the paper was to construct methods for a successful implementation of clean ICE technologies in the near future and to, also, predict a percentage reduction of CO2 tailpipe emissions from the vehicles. To do this, different objectives were laid out with a view to reducing the tailpipe CO2 emissions. Especially with the recent and legitimate focus on climate change in the world, this study aims to provide practical solutions pathway for India. Widespread research was carried out on all six technologies proposed within the automotive market in India and a set of main graphs represent CO2 emission reduction starting from 2020 until 2030. A significant reduction of CO2 was observed in the graph plot at the end of the paper and the technologies were successfully implemented for the Indian market to curb tailpipe CO2 emissions. A methodology based on calculating the vehicle fuel consumption was implemented and a graph was plotted showing the reduction of CO2 emissions until 2030. The starting point of the graph is 2020, when BS-VI comes into effect in India (April 2020). The CO2 limit taken into consideration here has been defined by the Government at 113 CO2 g/km. The paper fulfilled the aim of predicting the effects of implementing the technologies and the subsequent reductions of CO2 emissions for India.